Studying abroad is one of the most transformative decisions a student can make. But before the adventure begins, international students must navigate the student visa process, a critical step that determines whether they can pursue their academic goals overseas. While requirements vary by country, most systems are designed to ensure students are well-prepared, financially capable, and genuinely motivated to study.
Here’s a breakdown of the student visa journey in five of the world’s most popular study destinations: the UK, Canada, Germany, Australia, and Ireland.
UNITED KINGDOM: THE STUDENT VISA
The UK’s online visa application process is designed to be straightforward, but it requires careful preparation. Students must apply for a Student visa within six months of receiving their Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) reference number from a licensed sponsor institution. The application is typically processed within three weeks for those applying from outside the UK.
KEY REQUIREMENTS
- Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS): A unique reference number that confirms your unconditional offer from a UK university.
- Financial Proof: You must demonstrate you have sufficient funds to cover your outstanding tuition fees plus living expenses. The required living cost is 1,334 pounds per month for courses in London and 1,023 pounds per month for courses outside London, for up to nine months. The money must have been in your bank account for at least 28 consecutive days before you apply.
- Biometrics: You must provide your fingerprints and a photo at a visa application centre.
- English Language Proficiency: Your academic institution will assess your English skills, usually through a Secure English Language Test (SELT) like IELTS or TOEFL.
- A Note on the Graduate Visa: The UK government has proposed reducing the graduate visa duration from two years to 18 months in their 2025 Immigration White Paper. While this change hasn’t taken effect, it’s worth watching, as it may influence how long international graduates can stay and work.
CANADA: THE STUDY PERMIT
In Canada, international students must apply for a study permit before travelling, and it will only be issued upon arrival if the application has been approved in advance. The process is typically completed online, and students are strongly encouraged to apply at least four to six months before their program begins. When applying, students must submit both a Letter of Acceptance (LOA) from a designated learning institution and a Provincial or Territorial Attestation Letter (PAL/TAL) – two key documents that are required to move the application forward.
KEY REQUIREMENTS
- Letter of Acceptance (LOA) & Provincial Attestation Letter (PAL): You must have an LOA from a Designated Learning Institution (DLI) and a PAL from the province you plan to study in (or TAL from the territory you plan to study in)
- Proof of Financial Support: As of September 1, 2025, the minimum required funds for a single applicant have increased to CAD 22,895, up from the previous CAD 20,635, to better reflect the cost of living. This amount does not include tuition or travel costs. Sufficient proof of funds can be evidenced through a Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC) or other eligible financial documents
- Statement of Purpose (SOP): This letter is a crucial part of your application. It should clearly explain your reasons for wanting to study in Canada, your choice of program, and your future goals
- Biometrics: You will likely need to provide your fingerprints and a photograph at a visa application centre.
IRELAND: THE LONG STAY VISA (D VISA)
For programs lasting more than 90 days, you will need to apply for a Long Stay Visa (also known as a ‘D’ visa). The application is submitted through Ireland’s AVATS Online Facility, and you should begin the process about three months before your course starts, after you have received your acceptance from an Irish institution.
KEY REQUIREMENTS
- Proof of Enrollment: Evidence of your acceptance into a full-time, recognised course and that you have paid your fees.
- Financial Evidence: You must provide proof that you can support yourself financially. For a one-year course, this typically means showing access to at least Euro 10,000.
- Visa Interview: If an interview is required, you should be prepared to discuss your knowledge of your chosen course and your career goals. You should also be able to explain your financial background and demonstrate your clear intent to return to your home country after graduation.
- Registration: After arriving, students staying longer than three months must register with the Garda National Immigration Bureau (GNIB) to receive an Irish Residence Permit (IRP).
GERMANY: THE STUDENT VISA
After receiving an admission letter from a German higher education institution, international students can apply for a Student Visa. A notable requirement is proving financial capacity, which is often done through a “blocked account.”
KEY REQUIREMENTS
- Proof of Admission: An official letter of admission from a German university, college, or vocational school.
- Proof of Financial Capacity: You must show you can support yourself with a minimum of Euro 992 per month. This is commonly fulfilled by opening a blocked account, where you deposit Euro 11,904 for the first year of your stay.
- Language Proficiency: Proof of German or English proficiency, depending on the language of your course.
- Health Insurance: Evidence of a valid health insurance policy.
AUSTRALIA: THE STUDENT VISA (SUBCLASS 500)
To study in Australia, you need a Student visa (Subclass 500). A key recent change to Australia’s student visa application process is the introduction of the Genuine Student (GS) requirement, which replaced the GTE statement in 2024.
KEY REQUIREMENTS
- Electronic Confirmation of Enrollment (eCoE): This is a document issued by your education provider that confirms you are enrolled in a course.
- Genuine Student (GS) Requirement: Instead of a long statement, you will answer specific questions about your academic background, reasons for choosing Australia, and future career plans. Your answers must be 150 words or fewer per question.
- Financial Proof: As of 2025, you must prove sufficient funds to cover the living costs of AUD 29,710 per year, plus your tuition and travel expenses.
- English Language Proficiency: You must meet the minimum English language requirements, which, as of 2025, require a minimum IELTS score of 6.0 (or equivalent) for a principal course.
While requirements differ across countries, one theme is consistent: governments want to ensure students are genuine, financially secure, and academically prepared. By starting early, organising documents, and understanding each step, international students can approach the visa process with confidence.
For many, the student visa is not just paperwork – it’s the gateway to life-changing opportunities, new communities, and a global education that will shape their futures.
This guide provides a high-level overview of the student visa process in five leading study destinations. Since requirements can change, always refer to the latest details on the official government websites for your chosen country.
Partnering with an experienced organisation like ApplyBoard can also help you navigate these complex requirements, increasing your chances of a smooth journey from application to approval.
